Carroll Hendricks Black

Legacy Card for Carroll Hendricks Black.

BIRTH

Sunday

28 AUG 1887


Lancaster,
Fairfield County, Ohio, USA

DEATH

Saturday

06 JUL 1918

Baccarat,
Meurthe-et-Moselle,
France

Painter | Stenographer

YEARS
0
MONTHS
0
DAYS
0

Joe McFarland

The Far-Land Legacy
The Publishing Legacy Company

Friday, February 16, 2024

BIOGRAPHY

LANCASTER – Carroll Hendricks Black grew up with the city of Lancaster as the backdrop to his childhood during the turn of the twentieth century.  Like many others throughout the country, he did not realize a journey overseas would stand in his path to assist his foreign comrades in a victory over Germany and the Central Powers of the Great War. This path formed on Sunday, August 28, 1887, as he fell into the first of four pivotal lines of his life. First, he fell in line as the second of four children born to Chauncey Everett and Grace Lillian (Hendricks) Black at their residence at 124 West Wheeling Street. The first three children shared the month of August for their birthdays as Carroll almost shared a birthday with his older sister, Flora Avis, who was born on August 26 two years prior. Vernet Franklin came on August 8, five years later, and Mildred Anna switched everything up when she came on January 28, 1897. After Carroll graduated from the Lancaster High School around 1905, the family relocated to 568 (East) King Street prior to the 1910 U.S. Census.

WORLD WAR I

MILITARY CAREER

UNITED STATES
ARMY

SERGEANT

Company L, 4th Ohio Infantry, Ohio National Guard, 166th Infantry, Rainbow Division, Defensive Sector - American Expeditionary Forces (AEF)

TIMELINE

WED 28 JUN 1916: ENLISTMENT AND ASSIGNED TO COMPANY L, 4TH OHIO INFANTRY, OHIO NATIONAL GUARD

SAT 01 JUL 1916: SERVED UNDER RANK AS PRIVATE

SUN 15 JUL 1917: PROMOTED TO SERGEANT AND STATIONED AT THE MEXICAN BORDER

TUE 30 OCT 1917: JOINED THE DEFENSIVE SECTOR - AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES (AEF)

WED 31 OCT 1917: GIVEN COMMAND TO SAIL OVERSEAS TO THE WESTERN FRONT

Portrait photo of Sgt. Carroll H. Black.
Portrait of SGT. Carroll Hendricks Black. Photo courtesy of Ancestry.com.

The second line of Carroll’s life surfaced during December 1906 when Carroll and his father traveled to offer their service to the Panama Canal. Carroll had just recently graduated, and Chauncey put his ornamental wood working occupation on hold. They both left home for the adventure to be part of the newly constructed Panama Canal as they were appointed on Wednesday, December 5, 1906. They gave the oath on Friday, December 7th, sailed the following Wednesday the 12th, and reported to Isthmus of Panama on Wednesday, December 19th to work in the engineering department of the Architecture and Building office. They both earned 65 cents per hour, equivalent to $22.27 per hour today. However, Carroll’s wage decreased on May 1st the following year to 56 cents per hour ($18.37 today) and he eventually left on Thursday, May 9, 1907, making the whole adventure just over five months. Chauncey stayed longer until he was discharged on Monday, September 16, 1907, described by “reduction of force,” making his service lasting just over nine months. The reduction of force meant a lack of work for the individual who was eventually let go. The Panama Record stated, “An employee, absent for not more than sixty days, with the prior consent of competent authority in his department or division, may be reinstated at his former rate, or an employee discharged on account of reduction of force or lack of work, may be reinstated within six months at his former rate of pay.” The Panama Canal opened for the first time officially on Saturday, August 15, 1914, less than two weeks after soldiers in Europe began mobilizing for World War I.

Also, during 1914, Chauncey established his new sign business, based on his artistic and wood working skills, as he owned and operated it from the rear of their property when they moved to 131 West Wheeling Street (the present site belongs to Andrew M. Connor Orthodontics and is originally known as Zane’s Original Town Lot 96W). He was well-known throughout the region and many vendors came to the Chauncey E. Black Sign Co. for their advertising needs.

 

Both of Carroll H. Black’s grandfathers, Osias H. Black and Lewis J. Hendricks fought for the Union during the American Civil War. His paternal grandfather, Osias H. enlisted in Company H of the Ohio 90th Infantry Regiment in August 1862 and his maternal grandfather, Lewis J., enlisted on  Saturday,   October 5, 1861  as a  corporal  in

Service Record of Carroll Hendricks Black working on the Panama Canal in the Engineering Department. Click to enlarge. Photo courtesy of Ancestry.com.
Photo of SGT. Carroll Hendricks Black in the Lancaster Eagle-Gazette.
Photo of SGT. Carroll Hendricks Black in uniform in the local newspaper. Photo courtesy of the Lancaster Eagle-Gazette.

Company H, 58th Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Black would never meet either of his grandfathers. Osias died in Nashville, Tennessee from wounds received in combat. Never returning home, Osias left his young, 24-year-old wife, Margaret (Wright) a widow, alone with her two-year old son. At the end of the following year on Christmas Day Margaret remarried to Elias Clover and together they had nine children. Chauncey lived with them in Walnut Township and grew into his artistic skills as a young adult. He later met and married Grace Lillian Hendricks in 1885 as they began having children and raising them in Lancaster. Lewis Hendricks passed away one year before Carroll’s birth.

 

Carroll Hendricks Black fell in line at attention to his service in the U.S. military on Saturday, July 1, 1916, at 28 years old as a Private. He enlisted on June 28, 1916 and placed with Company L, 4th Ohio Infantry, Ohio National Guard (ONG). Later, he would serve with the 166th Infantry, Rainbow Division. During his military career he served on the Mexican border and later received a promotion to Sergeant on Sunday, July 15, 1917. He was then stationed for a time at Camp Perry, Ohio and Camp Mills, New York before he joined the Defensive Sector – American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) on Tuesday, October 30, 1917. He and his company were then given the command the next day to sail overseas to engage in combat at the Western Front. The company shipped out from Hoboken, New Jersey aboard the ship Agamemnon and landed on the other side  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean  at

Brest, France to engage in combat in the Baccarat Sector. SGT. Black was a Battalion non-commissioned (NCO) gas officer while there. Like many other soldiers, Black made it imperative to write back home during his service. Written on September 25, 1917, before deployed overseas, he conveyed the following correspondence to his mother, Grace, while at Camp Mills, Hempstead, NY:

LETTER
CAMP MILLS
25 SEP 1917

“Dear Mother,

I just received your card and will answer right away, as I have some spare time. We are not drilling today, on account of more inocculations [sic], this time for para-typhoid. This makes the second shot, neither of them bothered me any.

 

Sunday we had a big review of all the troops here. Secretary of War [Newton E.] Baker reviewed us. It sure was a grand sight to see all of those men marching down Clinton avenue in platoons front. There were about 35,000 men in line. We got started at 8:15 a.m. and passed the reviewing stand at 11:45 a.m. We marched back to camp (about two bolcks [sic] from the stand), had mess and seven of us started for Long Beach at 1:15 p.m. and still the troops were going past. I do not know how long the parade was.

 

We hired a machine and went to Long Beach and had a very nice time. I was the only one in the crowd who had ever seen the ocean before. Last Wednesday evening, Blosser, Clingman, Hookie, Rohrer, Rissler, Miesse, and I hired a big Packard and went to N.Y. to a big dinner, a treat from a man whom we met here. We dined at Heatons, one of the swellest places in the city, then at a big oyster house, and then to the Arrowhead Inn for a Welsh rarebit. Believe me, he sure did show us a grand time. He bought each of us boys a carnation and the bill was $6.00 ($144.57 today) for seven little posies. We worried a lot, of course (not). He spent about $175 ($4,216.64 today) on us. After we had dined until we looked stuffed toads, we went sightseeing, out Riverside Drive, Fifth Ave., Broadway, Wal St., Bowery, Ghetto, Chinatown, Battery, the Tombs and saw the famous Bridge of Sighs. Saw a big fire in a skyscrapper [sic] which was very thrilling to watch. We arrived back in camp about 5:00 a.m. and drilled all day. Of course we felt fine. That trip cost us about $5.20 ($125.29 today) each.

 

Well, I got up another notch last week. Under the new organization plans, a company is divided into four platoons and they have the same relation to the company as the company to the regiment. Each platoon has its own officers, made up of one lieutenant, first sergeant, two duty sergeants and eight corporals. I am first sergeant of the third platoon. I will carry a .45 automatic pistol in addition to a rifle. Gee but I’ll be tough, won’t I?

 

We are gradually getting equipped, and I think we wil [sic] be on our way before long.

I received a box of cakes from Aunt Buseba and one from Aunt Aizira, and believe me, they sure were good.

Well, as news is scarce, I will close for this time. With love to all. From your loving son,

Carroll.”

On Saturday, November 24, 1917, while stationed somewhere in France, a letter made its way into the hands of his mother as she read the words that had been sifted through the heavy censorship, traveled the waves of the Atlantic, and delivered by the U.S. mail.

Letter from SGT. Black to his mother.
Letter from SGT. Black to his mother, Grace. Click to enlarge. Photo courtesy of the Lancaster Eagle-Gazette - 29 SEP 1917, 1.

Grace received several letters from her son while stationed in France during the Great War and let the public experience what he communicated as the Lancaster Eagle-Gazette published the two on Thursday, February 21, 1918. The letters revealed a visit to a cathedral and museum and confirmed they all had warm clothes and proper living quarters:

The first letter dated
Sunday, December 23, 1917, expressed:

“Dear mother:

Will write you a few lines and let you know that I am still well and getting along fine. I received your first letters this week, they were dated November 12, 1917. We are planning a little Christmas celebration which will, I hope, afford quite a little amusement for us. The weather here will be regular Christmas weather if our snow holds out. It has been on the ground for a week now. The frost here is the most beautiful I have ever seen, it clings to everything; is from once [sic] inch to one and one-half inches think. The telephone wires look like big white ropes. The woods looked like a fairy winter garden. I never have seen anything to compare with it. I wish I could describe it. The country around here is naturally beautiful, but with such a robe it was a hundredfold more or so. The temperature is not so low as one would think. It is about zero. Centigrade, or freezing, Fahrenheit. No mother, I would not change places with any of the stay-at-homes for any consideration. Give my regards to all and have Dad tell Mockie I said howdy. I do not know how the rest of the boys are or where they are, as I am not with the Company at present, as I am attending a school of infantry. Wishing you a very Merry Christmas and Happy New Year. I remain your loving son and brother.

Sergt. Carroll H. Black.”

The second letter dated
Sunday, January 13, 1918,
(one week shy of six months before he died), explained:

“Dear mother:

This to say that I am still well and getting nicely, learning something new every day. I am sorry that I neglected to write before this, but I have been so very busy that I have only had time to attend to my duties; when my work is over at 9 p. m. I am ready for my bunk. I do not remember whether I mentioned in my last letter how I spent Christmas day. In the morning I rested, and after dinner Ralph and I visited the museum and surely did enjoy it very much. There were some of the finest paintings I have evr [sic] seen, and all by the old masters. The figures on some of the canvases look as though they could just step down and start talking. I was only sorry that I did not have a catalogue; but as we could make out a few of the words we could very easily grasp the meaning of most of them. Some of them were painted as far back as the middle of the 16th century. There were also relics which were excavated in the ruined cities of Greece, Rome, Egypt and the Holy Land, mostly the sculpture and mosaic. Taxidermy antiques from everywhere. One could spend a week there and not see everything. From there we went to the Cathedral to the afternoon services. Of course, we could not understand them, but the organ and choir were grand. You can imagine how it must have been in a building of that. The inside was all lighted up and esmagnitude [sic], and built as they are pecially [sic]so the altor [sic], with candles, and the flickering lights and the robes of the priests and choir made an inspiring spectacle, especially to me, who had never been inside of a Cathedral before. New Years day I spent as the Christmas day. We have had snow here for over three weeks and sometimes it is quite cold, but not as cold as it usualy [sic] is at Home. We do not mind the cold as we are all warmly dressed and have fine quarters. Before I forget it, will you please send me some blades for my razor. Get them at Mock’s. They are Endters. I just received your letters of October 31st. The mail has been so heavy that there is quite a delay in handling and delivering and especially so with me, as I am not with the Company, and that means an extra delay. Well, as I am about run down, I will close for this time. I think I will go down to the Museum again as that is a good place to while away a few hours. Hoping you are all well, I remain as ever your loving son and brother with love to all.

Sergt. Carroll H. Black,

Co. L, 166th U.S. Infantry A.E.F. P.O. 703″

The final fall for Sergeant Black waited for him at the front lines, before his 31st birthday, during his attempt to neutralize gas at the bombardment occurring at Mignéville, France on June 20th. A high explosive shell wounded him by severing the arteries in his ankle while he inhaled the poisonous gas which failed to neutralize. After a transport took him to the Base Hospital he died 16 days later on July 6, 1918. His father received the notice at their residence at 131 West Wheeling Street. SGT. Black was a well-known representative citizen of Lancaster and his death rippled through the circles of mourning communities felt from the impact of the loss from the war. His comrades from the trenches who attended the funeral, his family and friends left behind, and the community all missed their fallen hero, as he and others who didn’t return home left holes all throughout the country and county.

 

The Lancaster Eagle-Gazette reported the following of SGT. Carroll Black’s service, “Sergeant Black was wounded in action at Mignéville on June 19th [sic] of 1918 and although he struggled hard to keep up the fight for his country, death claimed him on July 6th in the hospital at Baccarat. He was a sergeant in the gas department of the Third Battalion and was one of those men ever ready to answer his country’s call and do his best for the Stars and Stripes. He served with Company L on the Mexican border.” It was noted that all friends and family will remember him “as a true hearted, faithful and brave young man.” Another article written almost one hundred years later by Joyce Harvey references SGT. Black having received wounds on June 20, 1918, from an exploding shell and after he arrived at an evacuation hospital contracted diphtheria causing his death on July 6th. She further noted his parents received the notice from the 166th Infantry Chaplain via letter and his death made the Daily Eagle local newspaper. It further communicated that SGT. Black’s body had been interred among the American section of the French military cemetery in Grave 758, Section 98-A, Prance-Prussian Cemetery in Baccarat Lorraine, France, holding the bodies of those who fell.

 

After the end of the Great War many Fairfield County families expected to receive their fallen soldiers’ bodies home after receiving telegrams notifying them of the news. The bodies of Privates Andrew Matthew Prentice and John Leonard Dambaugh were expected to arrive over the Hocking Valley Railroad in town by the evening of July 22, 1921. Chauncey and Grace were among those who received a notification from Hoboken, New Jersey, Friday morning giving word that their son, Sergeant Carroll H. Black, who served in Company L, 166th U.S. Infantry of the Rainbow Division, had arrived at the pier in Hoboken safely and would be redirected to Lancaster shortly; no exact date was given. Columbus reported receiving 131 bodies of those who fell, one of the largest they had received since the government established them as a receiving port for Ohio and neighboring states.

 

After receiving SGT. Black’s body back home and waiting for the double funeral service to commemorate the lives of both SGT. Carroll Hendricks Black and CPL. Harry Franklin Hoffman, the family kept it surrounded by “beautiful flowers and tributes of respect from friends” at their residence on West Wheeling Street. The Rainbow Veterans, the American Legion, and the Rainbow Veterans Auxiliary of Columbus all contributed to the arrangement. It was further noted that “an unusual design was a large service flag made of flowers. It ws [sic] an exact reproduction of Sergt. Black’s service flag, both the blue and gold star being shown on the red and white background.” On the afternoon of Monday, August 1, 1921, at 2:30 p.m. after the planned arrival on the 6:29 Hocking Valley Railroad Train Saturday evening, July 30, 1921, the services were conducted at the Sherman Memorial Armory. Telegrams to both families were received the morning to confirm their arrival.

 

Rev. Joseph Sittler officiated the service under large American flags and was surrounded by friends and relatives of the two fallen heroes. Rev. Sittler spoke over SGT. Black while Rev. O. G. White spoke over CPL. Hoffman. Several songs were sang including, “The Holy City,” “The Soldier’s Farewell,” “Crossing The Bar,” “Home of the Soul,” and “Jesus, Lover Of My Soul.” The pall bearers were listed as being Sergeants Robert Young, Alexander Richardson, George Blosser, Louis Noice, Bert Lehew, and Clarence Lytle for SGT. Carroll H. Black. Honorary bearers were Captains William J. Belhorn, Otto Kindler, and Leon Miesse, and Lieutenants Ralph Miesse, Howard Carmen, and Grant Lindsey. All listed were members and comrades of the 166th U.S. Infantry, Rainbow Division of Company L. Included for CPL. Hoffman were eight marines as the active pall bearers, Allen Silbaugh, Emmitt Speriky, Henry Blackwood, Paul Aten, Harold Lawrence, John Shull, Ross Turner, and Warden L. Scholl.

 

The local Lancaster Eagle-Gazette reported a week later that “the horrors of war were more vividly presented to us as we watched the cortage [sic] winding its way a few days ago out Columbus Street to the cemetery beyond” through the “solemnity” that surrounded the bodies of the fallen as they remained covered by flowers in a silent journey to the cemetery. Both soldiers were interred at the Forest Rose cemetery in Lancaster and a firing squad remained present including Dewey and Daniel Stout, Otto and Chas. Corsen, Chas. Evans, James Skinner, George Brenstuhl, Charles Shaner, and Raymond Miskell. Pall bearers Young, Richardson, Lehew, and Lytle lifted the the American flag from the casket.

 

The Grace Reformed Church also honored its late member, SGT. Black, Sunday morning, September 8, 1918, as many attended to pay honor and respect. During the service, Carroll’s brother Vern, “fastened the gold star on the church’s service flag while the congregation sang ‘America.’”

 

After SGT. Black and his comrades gave their lives in service to their country to assist in the Great War overseas it came time for the policies to be distributed that the men of Company L took advantage of. It was noted that SGT. Black carried a $1,000 policy in the local Royal Arcanum and $10,000 military insurance, which he made payable to his mother, Grace, in the event he was killed. After his death the insurance policy gave a monthly payment to Grace for $57.50 for a twenty-year period (Equal to $1,174.44 in 1918 and $1,257.73 in 1938 when converted to 2024 dollars).

 

A few other pieces to note of Carroll Hendricks Black’s life were his gain of further education, some time between his graduation from Lancaster High School and his service in the war, from Columbia Commercial University. His trade was recorded as a stenographer. This perhaps may have been some time in Lancaster or during his time on the Panama Canal as records show stenographers being used there. The only two U.S. Census documents Carroll remained a part of showed him as a student (1900) and painter (1910). He never married or had children of his own and was a member of the Royal Arcanum Lodge. These pieces of his life are only fragments on his life without a timeframe to accompany them. The cross standing proud at the top of the hill in the Forest Rose cemetery forever marks a memory of a true patriot and hero of the United States of America.

Cover of the Memorial Card.
Cover of SGT. Black's memorial card during his ceremony. Photo courtesy of FindAGrave.com.
Inside of the Memorial Card for SGT. Black's Memorial Service. Click to enlarge. Photo courtesy of FindAGrave.com.
Photo of first burial in France.
Photo courtesy of FindAGrave.com.
THE

BLACK

FAMILY TREE

PARENTS

Chauncey Everett
Black

Grace Lillian
Hendricks

SIBLINGS

Flora Avis
Black

Vernet Franklin
Black

Mildred Anna
Black

BURIAL

MON | 01 AUG 1921

FOREST ROSE CEMETERY

SECTION H7 | ROW 12

SGT. Carroll Hendricks Black lies buried in the Forest Rose cemetery at the top of the hill. The cross serves as his memorial after being reinterred after falling in France in service to his country. Originally, SGT. Black was buried in Baccarat, France until after the war when his family was notified of his body’s return home. His family lies buried surrounding the plot. Both his Civil War veteran grandfathers are buried beside him, Lewis to the left and Osias to the right. His parents lie on the opposite side of the memorial. His two sisters and brother, along with spouses and nephew, Robert, all surround the cross memorial.

SGT. CARROLL HENDRICKS BLACK'S PATH

Explore people from the same generation, location, military, and buried in the same cemetery.
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THE REFERENCES

Ancestry.com. Ohio, Roster of Soldiers, Sailors, and Marines in World War I, 1917-1918. Online Database. Columbus: The F. J. Heer Printing Co., 1926. Ancestry.com, Ohio, Roster of Soldiers, Sailors, and Marines in World War I, 1917-1918. Website, https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/7895/images/001589-1357?pId=14563 (15 FEB 2024).

Ancestry.com. U.S., Panama Canal Zone, Employment Records and Sailing lists, 1884-1937. Online Database. Salt Lake City: FamilySearch, 2019. NARA Record Group 185, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Missouri, Website, https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/61857/images/100204056_01207?pId=61230 (15 FEB 2024).

“Boys Were Brought Home, The,” Lancaster Eagle-Gazette, Monday, August 8, 1921, 4.

“Carroll H. Black,” Lancaster Eagle-Gazette, Thursday, December 20, 1917, 7.

“Double Funeral Services,” Lancaster Eagle-Gazette, Saturday, July 30, 1921, 1.

“Fairfield County Soldier Lads,” Lancaster Eagle-Gazette, Friday, July 22, 1921, 1.

“From Over There,” Lancaster Eagle-Gazette, Thursday, February 21, 1918, 2.

Haulsee, W. M. American Soldiers of World War I. Online Database. Washington D.C.: Soldiers Record, 1920. Ancestry.com, Soldiers of the Great War Volume 2. Website, https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/61470/images/7399-2-32-0459?pId=51158 (15 FEB 2024).

“Insurance Notes,” Lancaster Eagle-Gazette, Thursday, August 8, 1918, 5.

“Interesting Letter,” Lancaster Eagle-Gazette, Saturday, September 29, 1917, 1.

Joyce Harvey, “C. E. Black Literally Painted the Town,” Lancaster Eagle-Gazette, Monday, April 25, 2016, A3.

“Memorial Services,” Lancaster Eagle-Gazette, Monday, September 9, 1918, 5.

Panama Canal Record: Volume II, The (Mount Hope, Canal Zone: The Panama Canal Press, 1919), 107.

“Sgt. Carroll Hendricks Black,” Find A Grave, last modified February 16, 2008, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/24686379/carroll-hendricks-black.

Van A. Snider, Fairfield County in the World War (Lancaster: Mallory Printing Co.), 40.

PHOTOS

All Legacy Cards designed by Joe McFarland. All photos taken by Joe McFarland unless otherwise noted.

BACKGROUND PHOTO

LT. John Warwick, Combat from World War I as officer led the 9th Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) near Arras, France, 1917, photograph, Imperial War Museum, https://archive.nytimes.com/lens.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/06/30/photos-world-war-i-images-museums-battle-great-war/.

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